Iron ore · Direct reduction feed
Iron Ore for Direct Reduction
DRI feed cannot be selected from Fe grade alone. Confirm accepted feed form, chemistry and gangue limits, size, physical quality and plant-required reducibility, reduction-disintegration, clustering or related tests before commercial comparison.
Free, no-obligation specification review Price on request Response within one working day
Operating requirement and failure-risk map
What the shaft actually constrains
A shaft furnace does not accept a material on its chemistry alone. Each requirement below is a condition the feed has to satisfy, the failure it prevents if satisfied, and the field your enquiry must therefore carry.
| Burden requirement | Why the furnace constrains it | Consequence if unmet | Applicability / limitation | Verification requirement | RFQ field |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feed form | A shaft accepts only lump ore or pellets; a rising reducing gas must pass through a packed bed. | Fine material restricts gas flow and can channel through the bed — it is not a quality shortfall but a route mismatch. | Sinter and fines are not shaft feeds. Concentrate enters only after pelletizing. | Confirm the form against the shaft design, not against the offer's chemistry. | State whether your plant accepts lump, pellets, or both. |
| Size distribution | It governs the pressure drop and the distribution of reducing gas across the bed. | A feed that is too fine, or breaks down into fines, restricts gas flow and can create channelling through the bed. | Accepts a narrow range the plant defines; pellets are specified to a dimension range, lump to a size band. | Screening method, named, with the cut points reported. Pellet dimension per the agreed method. | State the accepted size band or pellet dimension, and require the method. |
| Gangue (SiO2 / Al2O3) | Gangue dilutes the feed and consumes energy in reduction without contributing iron. | Higher energy per tonne of metal produced, and a reduced-grade product that may not meet the plant's intended output. | Plant- and product-specific. The same figure can be acceptable in one operation and not in another. | Assay per the agreed method, on a stated basis. | Enter your plant's own limits, not an assumed range. |
| Residuals (P / S) | Direct reduction has no slag phase removing sulphur, so sulphur in the feed passes into the reduced product. | Sulphur or phosphorus outside the melt-shop's acceptance, requiring correction downstream or restricting the grades that can be made. | Typically constrained more tightly on shaft-DR than on smelting routes. Plant- and product-specific. | Assay per the agreed method; set against the steel grade, not the ore. | State the maximum for each residual your product requires. |
| Physical behaviour | Feed is handled repeatedly between load port and shaft, then loaded into a packed bed under its own weight. | Degradation creates fines that restrict gas flow and disturb the bed the process was designed around. | Relevant to lump ore especially; pellets are specified by compressive strength and abrasion instead. | Named degradation, strength or abrasion test, with the method stated. | Name the physical test your plant requires for the form offered. |
| Metallurgical behaviour | The shaft achieves reduction by contact with a rising gas, so reducibility and the degree of metallization are the defining process measures. | Feed that reduces less readily or to a lower metallization forces compensation in gas consumption, temperature or throughput. | Shaft-DR tests are distinct from blast-furnace tests and are not interchangeable. Clustering and reduction-disintegration are separate requirements again. | Named shaft-DR test method (e.g. ISO 11258 for reducibility, final reduction and metallization). | Name the metallurgical tests your plant specification calls for. |
| Moisture | It determines how wet and dry tonnage reconcile on the commercial basis. | Mass basis disputes and delivered cost per dry tonne that does not reconcile. | Depends on handling and weather as well as the deposit; the determination point matters. | Named moisture determination method, with the basis stated. | State the moisture basis and the determination point. |
| Sampling basis | Every figure above is only as defensible as the sample it was produced from. | Results that cannot be reproduced or defended at your hold point. | Applies to the lot as sampled under the agreed regime, not to the source generally. | Sampling standard named (e.g. ISO 3082) and any witnessing party agreed. | Name the sampling basis and any inspection party. |
No plant limits are published on this page. Every acceptance limit above belongs to your plant and the product it makes. This page maps what the shaft constrains and what has to be evidenced; it does not supply the numbers, and no figure on it should be read as an acceptance criterion.
What qualification actually requires
A feedstock is qualified for a shaft when every field the process constrains is stated and evidenced. Chemistry on its own never qualifies a material, because the shaft's binding constraints are frequently metallurgical rather than chemical.
- Chemistry is necessary, not sufficientAn offer can carry acceptable chemistry and still fail on sizing, degradation behaviour or reducibility. The fields interact; they cannot be assessed one at a time.
- Physical and metallurgical evidence is separateDegradation and reduction tests answer different questions from an assay, and they are requested separately. Treat them as distinct line items in the enquiry.
- The feed form comes firstEstablish whether the material is lump or pellets, and which the shaft accepts, before assessing whether its figures are acceptable. A well-specified material in the wrong form is still a mismatch.
Specification and RFQ builder
DRI Feedstock Qualification Matrix
Enter what your enquiry actually says. The checker reports whether the evidence behind it is complete enough for two offers to be compared — it does not rank quality, score suppliers or claim availability.
Your offer or requirement
Fields left blank are reported as unresolved rather than filled in. Nothing is defaulted on your behalf.
Not yet comparable across offers
A grade label states a commercial band. Until the analytical Fe method, the tolerance and the sampling basis are stated — and the label is not being used as a stand-in for a full acceptance schedule — any comparison would rest on an assumption about the material rather than on evidence.
Evidence checklist
- Fe basis stated (wet or dry) — not yet satisfiedNo Fe basis given — this alone blocks a comparable result.
- Fe value present — not yet satisfiedThe Fe figure itself must be stated, not merely its basis.
- Buyer chemistry limits set by you — not yet satisfiedSilica, alumina, phosphorus and sulphur limits come from your plant and product. This tool supplies no defaults and no tolerances.
- Physical test evidence named — not yet satisfiedStrength, abrasion or degradation data, with the method behind it. A shaft feed is qualified on behaviour, not on chemistry alone.
- Metallurgical test evidence named — not yet satisfiedReducibility and metallization where your plant specification calls for them, with the test method named.
- Moisture basis stated — not yet satisfiedWet and dry tonnage only reconcile when the basis is named.
- Moisture value with unit — not yet satisfiedThe figure must carry the basis it is reported on.
- Size distribution stated — not yet satisfiedAgglomeration and reduction behaviour both depend on it.
- Size determination method named — not yet satisfiedA range without a screening or laser method cannot be reproduced at receipt.
- Sampling and inspection basis named — not yet satisfiedHow the lot is sampled, and who witnesses it, determines whether the assay is accepted at the hold point.
- Process route identified — not yet satisfiedThe intended route decides which physical and metallurgical tests are relevant.
- Commercial and destination inputs stated — not yet satisfiedQuantity, destination and Incoterm are what make two offers comparable rather than merely descriptive.
- Documents requested rather than assumed — not yet satisfiedCOA, moisture, size and inspection documents are each a separate request.
Missing inputs (14)
- Fe target with its wet or dry basis — the single field that decides whether two offers are comparable.
- Buyer-defined chemistry limits for SiO₂, Al₂O₃, P and S. Your plant sets these; this tool supplies no defaults.
- Moisture basis — determines how wet and dry tonnage reconcile and how price per ton is compared.
- Size distribution — governs how the material behaves in your receiving process.
- Size determination method — without it the distribution cannot be reproduced at receipt.
- Sampling and inspection basis — how the lot sample is drawn and who witnesses it.
- Intended process route — it determines which physical and metallurgical tests your feed actually has to satisfy.
- Product form — confirm the enquiry is for the form you actually need.
- Quantity and cadence — the basis the quotation will be compared on.
- Destination port or place — determines the delivery leg and document set.
- Incoterm and named place.
- Required physical test evidence — compressive strength, abrasion or degradation data your plant specification calls for, with the named method.
- Required metallurgical test evidence — reducibility and metallization, and any clustering or reduction-disintegration test your plant calls for, with the named method.
- Required documents — COA, moisture, size and inspection reports are requested, not assumed.
Scale: completeness and basis only. No quality score, no supplier ranking, no availability or compliance claim — completing this form does not establish that any material is available or compliant.
Send the evidence for review
The summary travels with your enquiry exactly as entered. Anything still unresolved is listed as an open question rather than normalised into an assumed value. Price on request.
Response within one working day. No obligation, and no availability claim is made by submitting this form.
Fit, alternatives and selection logic
When a feed form qualifies for the shaft — and when it does not
A shaft furnace accepts lump or pellets, and qualifies them on how they behave in reduction — not on the Fe figure alone. Use the three states below to see where your enquiry actually sits.
A feed form qualifies when your plant acceptance schedule is stated in full and the offer answers all of it: the form is lump or pellets and matches what the shaft accepts, chemistry and gangue limits come from your plant, size distribution is tied to your gas-flow requirement, and the reducibility, metallization and any clustering or degradation tests your specification calls for are named and evidenced.
- Form is lump or pellets, as the shaft accepts
- Chemistry and gangue limits set from your plant
- Reducibility and metallization evidence named with methods
This is where most DRI enquiries actually land. Chemistry is supplied, but the reducibility, metallization, clustering or degradation evidence is missing — or the test results are quoted without the method behind them. The material may well be suitable, but the offer cannot be qualified for the shaft on what it currently contains, and comparing it against a fully evidenced offer is not a like-for-like comparison.
- Chemistry present but metallurgical evidence missing
- Test results quoted without a named method
- Sampling basis unstated behind any of the figures
A feed form does not qualify when it cannot meet what the shaft requires of it — a form the plant does not accept, a size band or pellet dimension outside the range the bed design assumes, a gangue level that dilutes the product beyond what the plant can sell, a residual above what the melt shop accepts, or clustering and degradation behaviour that would disturb the bed. These are exclusions on plant grounds, not judgements about material quality.
- Form the shaft does not accept at all
- Size or dimension outside the bed design range
- Clustering, degradation or residual behaviour outside specification
On comparing feed forms. On a shaft-DR route the real comparison is lump against pellets, and the two are not interchangeable. Lump is specified by size band, degradation behaviour and reducibility as mined or as screened. Pellets arrive with a defined dimension range, compressive strength and a more consistent reduction behaviour, but they are a manufactured product with their own evidence set — and pellet quality varies by plant. Compare each against what your shaft accepts, not one against the other's headline chemistry. Sinter feed and coarse fines are not shaft feeds at all.
Registered alternatives, grouped by the open question
These are the registered routes that sit closest to a shaft-DR feedstock enquiry. Each is a different decision, not a substitute — pick the group that matches what is still unresolved in your specification.
Where the mineralogy or the product form itself is the open question.
- hematite iron ore supplier The bounded mineralogical comparison — Fe₂O₃, typically shipped as direct shipping ore. Mineralogy is a different axis from grade, so compare on the field that actually differs.
- magnetite iron ore supplier Fe₃O₄, typically beneficiated into a concentrate before use, which changes mass yield and the commercial basis at the same nominal grade.
Where the sizing or preparation state rather than the mineralogy is the deciding field.
- iron ore concentrate supplier Not a shaft feed as shipped — it must be pelletized before it can enter a bed, so compare it against your pellet route, not your lump requirement.
- iron ore fines supplier Fine material fed to sintering or blended before agglomeration, where blend chemistry matters more than any single offer's grade.
- iron ore pellets supplier An already-agglomerated product with defined physical properties — a different decision from buying ore at the same grade.
Where a stated Fe band rather than a mineralogical name is what your process actually constrains.
- 63.5 fe iron ore supplier The nearest adjacent band below 65 — the difference is only meaningful once assay method, tolerance and impurity limits are stated for both.
- 62 fe iron ore supplier The lower adjacent band, where a wider gap in the Fe figure does not license a like-for-like substitution across your acceptance schedule.
Standards, grades and service conditions
The fields an Fe grade figure does not carry
A grade figure fixes one field and leaves the rest open. Each parameter below is established by a method applied to a sample, and each one changes what two offers claiming the same grade actually mean when compared.
| Parameter | Buyer requirement | Unit / basis | Verification method | Tolerance source | Applicability | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fe content | Your target with the basis stated | % — dry or wet, declared | Assay by the method your contract names | Your acceptance limit, not ours | Applies to the lot as sampled — the grade label does not set it | State basis on the RFQ |
| SiO2 | Your process limit | % — dry basis as tested | Assay per the agreed method | Set by your process; gangue affects slag volume and yield | Gangue content is independent of the dominant iron mineral | Enter the limit explicitly |
| Al2O3 | Your process limit | % — dry basis as tested | Assay per the agreed method | Set by your process; affects slag viscosity | Not implied by the grade figure | Enter the limit explicitly |
| P (phosphorus) | Your maximum limit | % — dry basis as tested | Assay per the agreed method | Set by your steelmaking route | Carries through to hot metal quality; a critical constraint on some routes | Enter the maximum explicitly |
| S (sulphur) | Your maximum limit | % — dry basis as tested | Assay per the agreed method | Set by your steelmaking route | Route-dependent; more critical on direct reduction than on some sinter routes | Enter the maximum explicitly |
| Moisture | The basis quantities are traded on | % — as received or as determined | Determination per a named moisture method | Contract wording defines the adjustment | Determines wet/dry reconciliation and the price basis | State basis plus method |
| LOI | Relevant where your route constrains it | % — determination basis stated | Determination per the named method | Project or plant requirement | Where the process is sensitive to loss on ignition; some hydrated forms carry more | State requirement or mark unresolved |
| Size distribution | The range your route accepts | mm with stated cut points | Screening or laser method, named | Agreed against your receiving process | A coarse label says nothing about the actual distribution | State distribution plus method |
| Sampling | How the lot sample is drawn and witnessed | Method and sampling frequency | Standards-based lot sampling regime | Purchaser and supplier agree the basis | Determines whether the assay is accepted at the hold point | Name the sampling basis |
Evidence warning. No numeric value, tolerance or limit is published on this page for any parameter above. Ranges depend on the deposit, the product form, your process and the grade you specify, and each belongs to be stated and verified in your enquiry. Where a figure is required, request it with its unit, method and basis — a mineralogical name supplies none of them.
Physical and metallurgical parameters the process tests
Chemistry describes what the material contains. These parameters describe how it behaves in a given route, and between two offers at the same nominal grade, these are often what separates them. Each row is a request for the figure and the method behind it.
| Parameter | Buyer implication | Unit / basis | Verification method | Applicability / limitation | RFQ field or next action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reducibility and metallization | The defining process measures on a shaft — how readily the feed reduces and how far it metallizes. | Reported as a rate or degree — test basis stated | Determination per the agreed shaft-DR metallurgical test (e.g. ISO 11258) | Shaft-DR tests are not interchangeable with blast-furnace tests; clustering and reduction-disintegration are separate requirements | State which tests your plant specification calls for |
| Bulk density | Feeds handling, stockpile volume and vessel stowage planning. | t/m³ — as shipped, moisture stated | Determination per a named bulk density method | Depends on moisture and compaction at the time of measurement | Request the figure and its moisture condition |
| Loss on ignition (LOI) | Relevant where the process is sensitive to mass lost on heating. | % — determination basis stated | Determination per the named method | Project or plant specific; not an acceptance limit unless your contract says so | State the requirement or mark it unresolved |
| Gangue mineralogy | Explains why two offers with the same SiO2 figure can behave differently in the furnace. | Qualitative or %, with the reporting basis | Mineralogical examination or a named test | Where a petrographic or mineralogical basis is agreed; otherwise descriptive only | Request only if your process is sensitive to it |
| Tumbler / abrasion index | Signals degradation during handling and transfer between load port and plant. | Index value — test method named | Determination per the named physical test | Applies to lump or DSO material subject to repeated handling; of limited use on a fine product | Request where handling degradation is a known issue |
| Sinter or pellet test | Shows how the material performs in the specific agglomeration step rather than in general. | Test-specific index — conditions stated | Determination per the agreed agglomeration test | Only meaningful where the route actually includes that agglomeration step | State the agglomeration route before requesting it |
Standards that carry the verification
Two standards do most of the work in a grade enquiry: one for how the lot is sampled, one for how iron content is determined. Naming both in the contract is what makes an assay reproducible between the offer and your receipt.
Applicability boundary: these routes explain what each standard covers and where its scope ends. Neither substitutes for the edition your contract cites, and neither implies that any material meets them.
Quality, testing and documentation
What each document verifies — and what it does not
Documents are requested, not assumed. Each one below answers a distinct question, and none of them substitutes for your contract's acceptance basis.
| Requested evidence | What it verifies | Who supplies / verifies | When required | Quotation / project dependency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Certificate of analysis (COA), per lot | The chemical composition the lot is accepted against — Fe plus the impurity limits your process set. | Issued against the agreed assay method; the issuing laboratory is confirmed per enquiry. | At the enquiry stage, as the basis for comparison. | Which laboratory, and whether your contract accepts its scope, remains a project decision. |
| Moisture determination report | The figure behind the wet/dry tonnage reconciliation and the commercial basis. | Issued per a named moisture method; confirm it travels with the lot. | Before quantity and price are compared. | The method and its acceptance depend on your contract wording. |
| Size distribution report | Whether the material suits the process step it was specified for. | Issued per the agreed size method; confirm the cut points reported. | Before the material is committed to a route. | Cut points and tolerances are yours to set, not to assume. |
| Sampling and inspection record | Whether the assay is defensible at your hold point. | Issued against the agreed sampling standard and any appointed inspection party. | Agreed at enquiry, not at the port. | Whether a third-party inspection party is appointed is a project decision. |
| Physical / metallurgical test results | How the material behaves in your specific route, where your route requires it. | Determined per the agreed test method. | Only where the intended route makes the test relevant. | The test set depends entirely on the process route you confirm. |
| Origin and shipping documents | Customs clearance and, where applicable, origin requirements. | Issued per shipment. | Before dispatch. | Only relevant if your project or jurisdiction imposes an origin requirement. |
Availability and documentation matrix
Availability is not a property of the material — it is a statement about a specific enquiry at a specific time. This matrix sets out what would have to be confirmed before any availability statement could be made.
| Item to confirm | Buyer implication | Applicability / limitation | Verification / source requirement | RFQ field or next action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quantity available for the enquiry | Determines whether the requirement can be structured as a single lot or a repeating programme. | A quantity answer is only meaningful against a stated specification, destination and period. | Confirm per enquiry. No standing quantity is published on this page. | State quantity, cadence and required delivery window |
| Delivery window | Sets whether the requirement plans against production and shipping, or needs another arrangement. | Requires the destination and the Incoterm to be named before any window is meaningful. | Confirm per enquiry in writing against the stated Incoterm. | State the required date or schedule in the RFQ |
| Loading and packing form | Changes handling cost, stowage planning and the documents that accompany the movement. | Depends on the vessel or container arrangement, which follows the destination and quantity. | Confirm per enquiry against the agreed loading form. | State the required loading or packing form |
| Product form actually offered | Determines whether the offer is comparable at all — lump, fines, concentrate and pellet feed are different decisions. | A mineralogical description does not establish form or sizing. | Confirm against the offer documentation per enquiry. | State the form your process requires |
| Sampling regime and witnessing party | Establishes whether the assay will be accepted at your hold point. | Applies to the lot as sampled under the agreed regime, not to the source generally. | Confirmed against the sampling standard your contract names. | Name the sampling basis and any witnessing party |
| Document set issued per lot | Determines whether your hold point is a check or a negotiation. | Each document covers the sampled lot only — none is a general quality guarantee. | Confirmed per enquiry against the requested set. | Request each document explicitly in the RFQ |
| Origin documentation requirement | Needed for customs clearance and, where applicable, origin requirements. | Only relevant if your project or jurisdiction imposes an origin requirement. | Issued per shipment; confirm the set required at your destination. | State your destination and any origin requirement |
This page publishes no stock position, availability statement, lead time, shipping schedule, mine or mill ownership, or certification claim for any material. Every row above is a question to be confirmed per enquiry.
Evidence gates before the lot is traded
- 1Mineralogy gateThe dominant iron mineral is recorded as context. It is not accepted as a substitute for a stated Fe basis.
- 2Basis gateFe, moisture and size figures each carry a stated basis and method before any comparison is made.
- 3Sampling gateThe sampling regime and any witnessing party are agreed at the enquiry stage, not at the port.
- 4Limit gateChemistry limits come from your process and each is tied to the method that verifies it.
- 5Route gateThe intended process route is stated, because it decides which physical and metallurgical tests apply.
- 6Document gateEach requested document is named in the enquiry and confirmed against what the route will actually issue.
Certification limits: this section describes document types and their verification roles. It makes no claim about which certificates Noor Deira Steel holds, which party issued any prior report, or what any future lot will be certified to.
Commercial, logistics and availability inputs
What the quotation rests on — and what stays open
A quotation is only comparable when the inputs behind it are stated. Each row below names what an input changes and what remains unknown until it is confirmed.
| Quotation input | What it changes | What remains unknown until confirmed |
|---|---|---|
| Fe basis and chemistry limits | Which material is being priced at all, and against which acceptance limits. | Nothing, once stated. Left open, it is the largest source of non-comparable offers. |
| Moisture basis and method | Whether quantities and price adjustments are on a wet or dry basis. | The effective dry tonnage, and therefore the delivered cost per dry tonne. |
| Size distribution and method | Whether the material suits the receiving plant's process step. | Process suitability until the distribution and its method are known. |
| Product form | Whether the offer is lump, fines, concentrate or pellet feed — different decisions entirely. | Comparability itself, until the form is confirmed against your requirement. |
| Quantity and cadence | Whether the requirement is a single lot or a repeating programme. | The commercial structure and the shipment planning basis. |
| Destination port and Incoterm | Which carriage legs, duties and charges sit inside the quoted figure. | The delivered cost until the place and the term are named. |
| Loading and packing form | How the material is presented at load port and discharged at destination. | Handling cost and the documents that accompany the movement. |
| Document set | Which evidence the lot carries and what the buyer's hold point accepts. | Whether the evidence satisfies the contract until the set is named. |
| Delivery window | Whether the requirement plans against production and shipping, or needs another arrangement. | Any statement of lead time or schedule — this page makes none. |
What this page does not claim
- No price, benchmark, discount or premium is published.
- No stock position or availability is claimed for any material.
- No lead time, loading rate or shipping schedule is stated.
- No mine, mill, source origin or ownership is claimed.
- No certification, lab accreditation or project approval is claimed.
- No served-market, branch, warehouse or port presence is claimed.
Ready to be quoted
Complete the Evidence Completeness Checker above and send the summary. Everything unresolved travels with it as an open question rather than a silent assumption.
Registered alternatives and technical resources
Grouped by the next decision, not listed as a directory
Each group below answers a different question that follows from reading a shaft-DR feedstock offer. Pick the group that matches what is still unresolved.
Verify the technical fields
Where a figure in the offer needs to be checked or calculated before it goes into the enquiry.
- iron ore specifications Turn the feed requirement into a complete acceptance schedule covering chemistry, sizing and test methods.
- iron ore chemical composition Verify or calculate the chemistry fields your enquiry requires.
- iron ore grades How the named commercial bands relate to the fields you receive.
Return to the product cluster
Where the product decision itself is still open, or the enquiry needs to sit alongside the parent route.
Compare sibling forms
Where the material form rather than the mineralogy is the open question.
Expert insight
What evidence most directly changes the procurement decision here?
On a grade enquiry, the item that most often decides whether two offers are comparable is not the Fe figure itself — both will quote one — but whether the analytical method and the sampling basis behind those figures are the same.
Verify-first checklist
Work through these before comparing two offers at the same nominal grade. Each is a question the offer has to answer, not one the supplier can infer for you.
- 1Sample before you compareA chemistry value is only decision-grade if the lot was sampled and prepared representatively. Ask for the sampling basis before you treat any figure as comparable.
- 2Separate mineralogy from gradeA relative descriptor such as “high grade” states no definite figure at all. Even a numeric grade label states a commercial band, not a measured result. The measured figure, the method that produced it and the tolerance around it are separate fields your contract has to set.
- 3Name the methods behind every figureFe, moisture, size and any physical test are each produced by a method. The method is what makes the number reproducible at your receipt.
- 4Set chemistry limits from your processSilica, alumina, phosphorus and sulphur limits belong to your plant. They are not defaults and should not be assumed.
- 5Confirm the edition your contract citesStandard editions change. Verify the edition named in your contract rather than the one quoted in general conversation.
- 6Match the tests to the routeReducibility, tumbler index and agglomeration tests are only relevant if your route actually includes that step.
Buyer implication. A certificate value is only as useful as the sampling basis behind it. The RFQ should state the lot, the sampling method, the test method and the acceptance basis — rather than asking only for an Fe number.
Source record
- Primary source
- ISO 11258:2015 — Iron ores for shaft direct-reduction feedstocks — Reducibility, final reduction and metallization
- Direct source URL
- iso.org — ISO 11258:2015
- Method
- Use the shaft-DR test scope to require process-relevant reducibility and metallization evidence for lump ore or hot-bonded pellet offers when the plant specification requires it, and to keep test method and acceptance limit distinct.
- Information date
- 2026-09-22
- Scope
- Relative reducibility, final degree of reduction and degree of metallization for lump ores and hot-bonded pellets under shaft direct-reduction conditions.
Limitations
- The method is limited to the stated feed forms and test conditions; it does not cover every shaft-DR scenario.
- Plant acceptance criteria, and additional tests such as clustering or reduction-disintegration, are separate contractual requirements.
- This is an evidence-backed decision aid, not a named-person profile, and not a substitute for the standard itself.
Evidence-led buyer advantages
What we do about the ways a grade offer misleads
Each item starts from a real concern on a grade enquiry, states the practice that addresses it, and ends at the outcome it produces. None rests on a claim about stock, origin or price that this page cannot substantiate.
- Buyer concern
- A grade label mistaken for a specification
- What we do
- We treat the grade figure as one field, not as the specification, and ask for the assay method and tolerance alongside it before comparing anything.
- Procurement outcome
- Offers are compared on a stated figure rather than on a descriptive name.
- Buyer concern
- Chemistry quoted without a sampling basis
- What we do
- A certificate value is only as good as the sample behind it, so we ask for the sampling and preparation basis alongside the assay.
- Procurement outcome
- The result is defensible at your hold point rather than arguable at it.
- Buyer concern
- Moisture quoted without a method
- What we do
- Moisture without a determination method is flagged as a conflict, because two offers quoting the same figure under different methods are not comparable.
- Procurement outcome
- Delivered cost per dry tonne is comparable rather than apparent.
- Buyer concern
- Size range with no screening method
- What we do
- We require the distribution and the method behind it, since the receiving process depends on both.
- Procurement outcome
- The material suits the process step it was specified for, rather than being discovered unsuitable at receipt.
- Buyer concern
- Chemistry limits assumed rather than set
- What we do
- Limit fields stay empty until you set them. The tool supplies no defaults and no tolerance limits.
- Procurement outcome
- The acceptance criteria on the enquiry are yours, and the same criteria apply to every offer compared.
- Buyer concern
- Evidence requested too late
- What we do
- The document set is named in the enquiry and each document is tied to what it verifies.
- Procurement outcome
- The hold point is a check against an agreed set rather than a negotiation.
Advantages describe procurement practice. They make no claim about stocking position, mine or mill ownership, origin, delivered tonnage, pricing position or certification status.
From enquiry to delivery
Who owns what, at every stage
A grade order moves through defined stages. Each stage below names the concern it resolves, who owns it, what has to be supplied, what comes out of it, and the risk if it is skipped.
| Stage | Buyer concern | Owner | Required input | Evidence / output | Risk if skipped | Next action |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enquiry issued | Offers cannot be compared on a stated basis. | Buyer / procurement | Form, Fe basis, chemistry limits, moisture basis, size basis, route. | A comparable enquiry record. | Suppliers quote on different bases. | Run the Evidence Completeness Checker. |
| Mineralogy vs grade separated | A descriptive name is being treated as a specification. | Buyer / technical sourcing | The mineralogical description and the contractual grade field, stated separately. | A requirement expressed in contractual fields. | The enquiry quietly becomes a comparison of labels. | Restate the requirement in grade, basis and limits. |
| Specification validation | A figure without a method cannot be verified. | Buyer / plant metallurgist | Assay, moisture and size methods named. | Basis resolved and stated. | Assays cannot be reproduced at receipt. | Close the missing evidence. |
| Evidence review | The documents must satisfy the contract. | Supplier and appointed inspection party | Sampling regime and required document set. | COA, moisture, size and inspection records. | The hold point becomes a negotiation. | Confirm against the agreed set. |
| Commercial basis | Price and quantity must rest on one basis. | Buyer / supplier commercial | Mass basis, quantity, cadence and Incoterm. | Quotation on a stated basis. | Wet and dry quantities cannot be reconciled. | Agree the basis in writing. |
| Destination and logistics | The movement must match the contract. | Supplier / carrier | Port or place, Incoterm, loading form, documents. | Shipping and customs document set. | Documents missing at the destination. | Confirm the document set before loading. |
| RFQ handoff | The resolved basis must reach the supplier intact. | Buyer | The complete evidence summary. | A transmittable RFQ summary. | Fields lost or normalised silently. | Send the summary as entered. |
Buyer FAQ
Questions that come up once offers are on the table
These are the questions traders, steel-plant buyers and procurement analysts raise once an offer exists — not what a grade figure means, but what has to be pinned down before two offers can be compared.
Which iron ore forms can be considered for DRI plants?
Shaft direct reduction draws on two forms: lump ore and pellets. Sinter and fines are not shaft feeds — they are too fine to maintain the gas flow a shaft relies on, and they are agglomerated before use in another route entirely. Concentrate likewise enters only after pelletizing. That leaves lump and pellets as the qualifying forms, and each is specified against a different evidence set, so confirm which of the two your plant accepts rather than assuming a grade figure settles it.
How should Fe grade and impurity limits be verified?
In a shaft furnace, the metallization the process achieves and the behaviour of the material under reduction matter as much as its iron content. Gangue affects the energy balance and the quality of the reduced product; sulphur in particular is constrained more tightly on direct reduction than on some smelting routes, because there is no slag phase removing it downstream. Phosphorus carries through to the steel. The limits follow the plant and its product, so they cannot be read off a grade figure.
Why should moisture and size distribution be stated with a test basis?
In a shaft, a reducing gas rises through a packed bed, so size distribution governs the pressure drop and the gas distribution across the bed. A feed that is too fine, or that breaks down into fines during handling, restricts the gas flow and can create channelling. Moisture separately determines how wet and dry tonnage reconcile. Both need a named determination method, because a figure without one cannot be reproduced at receipt.
Which quality and inspection documents should be requested rather than assumed?
Name the chemistry and sizing fields, then the metallurgical tests your plant specification requires — reducibility and metallization are the core evidence on a shaft-DR route, and clustering and reduction-disintegration behaviour are separate tests again. Each must be tied to a named method. Then request the certificate of analysis, moisture report, size distribution report, sampling and inspection record, and shipping documents. The evidence set for a shaft furnace is not the same as for a blast furnace; ask for the one your plant actually uses.
Which commercial and delivery inputs are needed for a comparable RFQ?
Quantity and cadence, the mass basis the quotation is priced on, the destination port or named place, the Incoterm, the loading or packing form, the document set and the required delivery window. Beyond those, the feed inputs that make the offer qualifiable: which form is offered, chemistry and gangue limits, size distribution, moisture basis, and the reducibility, metallization and related test results your plant requires. Without the test set the quotation describes a material but does not qualify it for the shaft.
Qualified RFQ
Request a quote for Iron Ore for Direct Reduction
Send the feed form, chemistry limits, size distribution, quantity, destination and required delivery date. Every unresolved item — the metallurgical test evidence, the sampling basis, the moisture determination — is listed back to you as a question rather than filled in on your behalf.
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Unresolved verification items travel with this RFQ. If the basis, method or document level is still open, it is listed as a question rather than assumed.
Application requirements
Where the process route changes what you must specify
Direct reduction is one destination for iron ore; the routes around it impose different requirements on the same material. These are the registered application and industry routes, and what each one shifts in your acceptance criteria.
Blast furnace burden
- Operating condition
- Burden components where chemistry, gangue and physical form together determine furnace performance.
- What shifts in the specification
- Gangue content and its effect on slag volume and coke rate become procurement-relevant — a different evidence set from a shaft.
- Why routes are not interchangeable
- A requirement set for a shaft-DR feed is not automatically suitable for a blast furnace, even at the same Fe figure.
Steel production
- Operating condition
- Feed into a steelmaking chain where residual elements and consistency affect the finished product.
- What shifts in the specification
- Phosphorus, sulphur and trace elements come under closer acceptance limits keyed to the grade being made.
- Why routes are not interchangeable
- Steelmaking acceptance is set by the finished product specification, not by the ore description.
Pelletizing feed
- Operating condition
- Fine feed agglomerated into pellets with defined physical properties before it enters a burden.
- What shifts in the specification
- Fineness, size distribution and binder behaviour govern, since pellet quality depends on the feed going in.
- Why routes are not interchangeable
- A concentrate sold to a sinter plant is not automatically a pelletizing feed — the fineness requirement differs.
Integrated mills
- Operating condition
- Sites operating their own agglomeration and ironmaking chain with internal specifications.
- What shifts in the specification
- The plant's own internal spec governs, and your enquiry has to reflect it rather than a general grade.
- Why routes are not interchangeable
- An integrated mill sets its own acceptance basis; a trader buying to re-sell may not.
Pellet plants
- Operating condition
- Plants converting a fine concentrate feed into pellets for external sale or internal use.
- What shifts in the specification
- Feed consistency between shipments matters as much as the absolute values, because the pellet grade depends on the concentrate going in.
- Why routes are not interchangeable
- Variance across lots is a procurement issue here, not just the mean figure.
Recommended products
Which iron-ore products suit a shaft-DR plant
These are the registered product routes that feed a shaft direct-reduction plant or the agglomeration step ahead of it. Only lump and pellets enter a shaft; the others are shown so the exclusion is explicit.
Recommendations describe which product routes suit a shaft-DR plant in principle. They make no claim about stock, origin, availability or pricing for any material.
Operating conditions
How the shaft environment changes what you specify
A shaft furnace passes a rising reducing gas through a packed bed of lump or pellets at elevated temperature. Each of those conditions is what makes a particular field procurement-relevant rather than incidental.
Continuous operation raises the cost of variability
A furnace is not restarted between lots. Inconsistency between shipments forces operational compensation, which is why feed consistency is specified alongside the mean figures — particularly on sinter feed and pellets.
RFQ action: State whether consistency between lots is an acceptance criterion and over what period.
Gas flow through the bed is a design constraint
In a shaft the reducing gas must pass through a packed bed of feed. Pressure drop and gas distribution depend on the size distribution and on how the feed behaves in the bed — this is the field most often under-specified on a chemistry-led enquiry.
RFQ action: Require the size distribution or pellet dimension with its method, and any degradation test your plant relies on.
Reducibility and metallization are measured, not assumed
The shaft's output is defined by how far the feed reduces and metallizes, established by a named test where the plant specification calls for it — not a property implied by Fe content or mineralogy.
RFQ action: Name the shaft-DR reducibility and metallization tests your specification requires, and keep them distinct from blast-furnace tests.
Moisture moves with handling and weather
The material is loaded, carried and discharged over days or weeks. Moisture shifts across that passage, which is why the basis and the determination point belong in the contract rather than in an assumption.
RFQ action: State the moisture basis, the determination method and the point at which it applies.
Handling degrades lump material
Transfer through grabs, hoppers and conveyors breaks down coarse material, and the shaft then loads it into a bed under its own weight. Degradation creates fines that restrict gas flow and disturb the bed the process was designed around.
RFQ action: Where handling degradation is a concern, require the physical test that measures it for the form offered.
Residuals carry into the metal
Phosphorus and sulphur are not removed easily downstream, so their limits follow the steel grade being made rather than the ore itself. Two plants can accept different maxima from the same material.
RFQ action: Set residual limits from the grade you are producing, and state them explicitly.
QA and compliance
What has to be evidenced before the shaft feed is qualified
Qualification is an evidence exercise, not an assertion. Each item below is a check that either passes, fails, or remains open — and an open item keeps the offer out of the comparison rather than being assumed in its favour.
| Qualification check | What it confirms | Supplied / verified by | When required | Remains plant or contract dependent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feed form accepted by the shaft | That the material is lump or pellets and would be charged as offered rather than requiring agglomeration first. | Buyer, against the shaft design. | Before any comparison is made. | Which forms the shaft accepts, and whether the plant has any preparation capacity. |
| Chemistry within plant limits | That gangue and residuals sit inside what the plant and the product it makes accept. | Assay per the agreed method; limits set by the buyer. | At enquiry, as the basis for comparison. | The limits themselves — they are never supplied by this page. |
| Size distribution or pellet dimension | That the feed suits the gas flow and bed behaviour the shaft was designed around. | Issued per the agreed screening or dimension method. | Before the material is committed to a slot. | Cut points, dimension range and tolerances are the plant's to set. |
| Physical test evidence | That the feed survives handling and bed loading without degrading past the specified band. | Named strength, abrasion or degradation test, method stated. | Where the plant specification calls for it. | Which test applies depends on whether the form is lump or pellets. |
| Metallurgical test evidence | That the feed reduces and metallizes as the shaft expects. | Named shaft-DR test method, stated with the result. | Where the plant specification calls for it. | Acceptance limits remain plant, product and buyer specific. Clustering and reduction-disintegration are separate requirements. |
| Sampling basis agreed | That every figure above is defensible at the hold point. | Buyer and supplier, against a named sampling standard. | Agreed at enquiry, not at the port. | Whether a third-party inspection party is appointed. |
| Moisture basis and method | That wet and dry tonnage reconcile on the commercial basis. | Issued per a named moisture method. | Before quantity and price are compared. | The determination point and adjustment wording are contract matters. |
No certificate, accreditation or approval is claimed on this page. This section describes what has to be evidenced in general terms and makes no representation about which documents Noor Deira Steel issues or holds.
Procurement checklist
What to have settled before you request a firm quote
A shaft-DR enquiry that arrives complete is quoted once. One that arrives with the metallurgical fields still open is quoted as a description and clarified afterwards, which costs time on both sides.
- 1Name the feed formState whether the material is lump or pellets, and confirm the shaft accepts that form without preparation the plant cannot perform. Sinter and fines are not shaft feeds.
- 2Set your own chemistry limitsEnter SiO2, Al2O3, P and S limits from your plant and the product you make. Do not accept a supplier's assumed range as your specification.
- 3State the size band and the methodGive the accepted distribution with the screening method behind it, so the figure can be reproduced at receipt.
- 4Name the physical testSay which strength, abrasion or degradation test your plant relies on for the form offered, and require the method alongside the result.
- 5Name the metallurgical testsName the reducibility and metallization tests your specification calls for, plus any clustering or reduction-disintegration requirement, and name the method for each.
- 6Fix the sampling and moisture basisName the sampling standard, any witnessing party, and the moisture determination method and point of application.
- 7State the commercial frameQuantity and cadence, destination port or place, Incoterm, loading form, document set and delivery window.
The fields that most often delay a quote
On shaft-DR enquiries these are the items that come back as questions rather than as prices. Settling them first removes a full round of correspondence.
- The size distribution without its screening method
- Chemistry supplied with no sampling basis behind it
- Physical test results quoted without a named test
- Reducibility required by the plant but not requested in the enquiry
- Moisture given as a figure with no basis or determination point
- Destination and Incoterm left to be inferred from the address
Logistics
Destination changes the documents and the delivery, not the feed
A qualified feedstock travels the same way wherever it ships. What changes by destination is the documentation set, the delivery location, the customs route and the delivery term the quotation must reflect.
United Arab EmiratesEnquiries landing at Jebel Ali, Khalifa Port or a free-zone consignee need the delivery place named before the Incoterm means anything. State the port or free zone, and whether the receiving plant or the trader takes the customs entry.iron ore supplier UAE 
Saudi ArabiaShipments into Dammam or Jeddah typically move on to inland industrial cities, so the quotation has to reach the inland place rather than stop at the port. Say whether the rail or road leg sits inside your requirement, and which conformity documents your consignee needs.iron ore supplier Saudi Arabia 
QatarHamad Port consignments are usually cleared against a document set agreed in advance. Name the consignee, the delivery place and whether the receiving plant requires the assay and moisture documents before discharge rather than after.iron ore supplier Qatar 
KuwaitShuwaikh and Shuaiba movements are short-sea legs, so the packing or loading form affects handling more than the voyage. State whether the requirement is containerised or breakbulk, because it changes the documents and the discharge arrangement.iron ore supplier Kuwait 
BahrainKhalifa Bin Salman Port deliveries often connect to a mainland industrial consumer, so the delivery place may not be the port itself. Name the final place and the Incoterm that reaches it, and confirm whether the entry is taken by your consignee or a broker.iron ore supplier Bahrain 
OmanSohar and Duqm consignments sit close to industrial zones where the receiving site may take delivery directly. State the port or zone, the delivery term that reaches it, and whether origin documentation is a requirement for your end use.iron ore supplier Oman These are destination planning routes. They describe the logistics and documentation inputs each destination changes. They make no claim that Noor Deira Steel holds stock, a branch, a warehouse or a port presence in any market listed.